Rating History
Dissemination Date Long-Term Rating Short-Term Rating Outlook Action Rating Watch
21-Nov-25 A+ A1 Stable Maintain -
22-Nov-24 A+ A1 Stable Maintain -
23-Feb-24 A+ A1 Stable Upgrade -
22-Nov-23 A A1 Stable Maintain -
22-Nov-22 A A1 Stable Maintain -
About the Entity

Airlink is a public listed company primarily engaged in the distribution and assembly of mobile phones and allied products. Mr. Muzaffar Hayat Piracha (CEO) and the family own a majority stake of ~73.43% in the Company while the remaining shareholding rests with the general public, insurance companies, banks, DFIs, NBFIs, and others.

Rating Rationale

Air Link Communication Limited (hereafter as ‘Airlink’ or ‘the Company’) primarily operates in two business verticals; i) mobile phone distribution and retail, and ii) assembly of smartphones and related products in Pakistan. The assigned ratings reflect Airlink’s solid business profile, underpinned by its established market position, longstanding relationships with leading global brands, and a diversified revenue base. Its vertical integration further strengthens its operations, from assembling mobile devices for leading brands to distributing them through a nationwide network. Additionally, Airlink has made substantial investments in its wholly owned subsidiary, Select Technologies (Pvt.) Limited, which assembles mobile phones exclusively for Xiaomi Pakistan (Pvt.) Limited, subsidiary of Xiaomi Corporation, a leading global brand from China. Xiaomi continues to expand its presence in Pakistan with both existing and new products. The Company has established an extensive nationwide network linked with over 16 hubs and regional offices, more than 1,000 wholesalers, and 5,000+ retailers, supported by after-sales service centers in all major cities. The local industry is advancing steadily, fueled by expanding network coverage, a wide array of mobile devices, increasing technological demand, and the widespread adoption of mobile phones among Pakistan’s ~225mln population. The market is rapidly shifting from feature phones to smartphones; however, mobile phone assembly volumes declined slightly by ~3.2% YoY to ~22.78mln units during 9MCY25 (CY24: 31.38mln units) due to excessive pre-buying in June 2024 ahead of anticipated budgetary changes. Reflecting broader industry trends, the Company’s consolidated revenue reduced by ~19.5% to ~PKR 104.379bln during FY25 (FY24: ~PKR 129.742bln), primarily due to a temporary moderation in demand following the imposition of higher taxes. The downtrend persisted in 1QFY26, with the Company reporting a topline of ~PKR 24.4bln, reflecting a modest YoY decline of ~6.5%. This decline was primarily attributable to the timing of new model launches in September, with the corresponding revenue expected to materialize in the subsequent quarter. However, the Company’s profitability margins have significantly improved over the years, supported by sustained gains in cost discipline and operational efficiencies. The assembly segment contributed ~58% to the overall revenue while the contribution from the distribution segment remained ~42%. Airlink meets its working capital needs through a mix of bank borrowings and short-term papers. The Company has designed a discipline around the total leverage and the extent of commercial borrowings. At absolute level, the leverage appears high, but net of cash and guarantee margin, the leverage turns out to be in the manageable range, which is the objective of raising the funds. The debt payment account, which is filled rigorously from internal cash flows, mitigates the risk as well. The company is planning to raise long term debt for the expansion project. The related modalities are being evaluated and would have bearing on the Company’s financial risk profile.

Key Rating Drivers

The Company’s ratings are contingent on its ability to uphold its market position in a rapidly evolving, technology-driven industry. Continued adherence to agreed financial covenants, particularly maintaining full coverage of free cash flows from operations (FCFO) to gross sukuk obligations and preserving the desired level of leverage, will remain critical.

Profile
Legal Structure

Air Link Communication Limited (‘Airlink’ or ‘the Company’) is a public limited company, incorporated in January 2014 under the repealed Companies Ordinance 1984 (now the Companies Act, 2017). The Company has been listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) since September 2021. The registered office of the Company is located at 152/1-M, Quaid-e-Azam Industrial Estate, Kot Lakhpat, Lahore.


Background

Air Link Communication Limited began operations in 2010 as an Association of Persons (AOP) engaged in the import, distribution and servicing of IT and mobile-phone products. In 2014, a private limited company (Air Link Communication Limited) was incorporated in Lahore to take over the business via acquisition of the AOP’s assets and liabilities in 2018. Then in 2019, the Company converted into an unlisted public limited company, and in 2021 it was listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). The Company operates import, distribution, wholesale, and retail of smartphones, tablets, laptops, and accessories. Later on, the Company developed its wholly-owned subsidiary, Select Technologies (Pvt.) Limited, by partnering up with Xiaomi Pakistan to assemble exclusively Xiaomi mobile phones and allied products as part of the “Made in Pakistan” initiative, having a manufacturing plant in Lahore.


Operations

Airlink’s core operations comprise the production of Tecno smartphones and the distribution of mobile phones and allied products for several leading global brands, including Xiaomi, Samsung, iPhone, Tecno, and Itel. The Company has further strengthened its market positioning through a partnership with Xiaomi, under which its wholly owned subsidiary, Select Technologies (Pvt.) Limited (STL), manufactures and distributes Xiaomi mobile phones and accessories in Pakistan. STL’s manufacturing facility spans 120,000 sq. ft. of closed area of which 60,000 sq. ft. is clean-room space and has an annual capacity of ~2.7 million units on a single-shift basis. In FY25, the Company assembled around 2 million devices, reflecting a capacity utilization rate of ~75%. Airlink is currently developing a new state-of-the-art manufacturing complex within the Sundar Green Special Economic Zone (SGSEZ) in Lahore. The project covers eight acres, with three acres owned by Airlink and five acres by STL, and includes 1.4mln sq. ft. of purpose-built infrastructure. The facility will incorporate a 1 MW solar power system, expected to reduce production costs, improve energy efficiency, and support long-term sustainability objectives. Operating within the SGSEZ framework will provide the Company with ten years of fiscal incentives, enhancing cost competitiveness and supporting future growth. Aligned with its broader strategic vision, the new facility is designed to enable the export of mobile phones, laptops, LED TVs, electronics, home appliances, and other high-tech products for international brands. This expansion underscores Airlink’s growing role in strengthening Pakistan’s manufacturing and export base.


Ownership
Ownership Structure

The majority stake rests with the members of the sponsoring family, holding ~73.43% of shares. Additionally, ~12.93% is owned by the general public, ~0.06% is held by foreign companies, ~8.38% is held cumulatively by banks, development finance institutions, non-banking finance institutions, insurance companies, modarabas and mutual funds, ~2.27% is held by directors, their spouses and minor children whereas the remaining ~2.93% is owned by others.


Stability

The ownership structure of the Company is seen as stable as the majority stake of the Company is held by the members of the sponsoring family, and no significant changes are expected in the ownership structure of the Company in the foreseeable future.


Business Acumen

Mr. Muzzaffar Hayat Piracha, the primary sponsor, has been at the helm of the Company since its inception. He is a seasoned professional with a deep understanding of the industry. His strong leadership capabilities are evidenced by the successful strategic partnerships the Company has cultivated over the years. His business acumen is thus considered strong.


Financial Strength

Owners of the Company do not have any strategic stake in other companies. However, Mr. Muzaffar Hayat owns commercial and residential real estate. Financial strength is, therefore, considered adequate.


Governance
Board Structure

The Board of Directors (the Board) comprises seven members: two non-executive directors (including the chairman and a female director), two executive directors (including the CEO), and three independent directors.


Members’ Profile

Members of the Board are seasoned professionals and bring extensive multifunctional experience across multiple sectors. Mr. Aslam Hayat Piracha is the chairman of the Board and possesses over 5 decades of business experience with core specialty in imports and exports. He is keenly involved in overseeing the systems and controls of Airlink. Furthermore, the independent directors are well regarded business experts having bringing exposure from diverse sectors.


Board Effectiveness

The Board meets at least quarterly to oversee the management's performance and to ensure alignment of the Company with its strategic goals. During FY25, four meetings of the Board were held, and the attendance of directors remained strong. Minutes of the meetings are documented appropriately, and action points are communicated with the relevant stakeholders. The Board has also established two committees: i) Audit Committee, and ii) HR and Remuneration Committee. These committees further enhance the Board's effectiveness by enabling focused oversight and efficient decision making.


Financial Transparency

M/s BDO Ebrahim & Co. Chartered Accountants, a QCR-rated firm and also listed in the category ‘A’ on SBP’s approved panel of auditors, are the external auditors of the Company. They have expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company’s financial statements for the year ended June 30th, 2025.


Management
Organizational Structure

The Company has a well-defined organizational structure segregated into eight functional departments including: Human Resources, Production, Retail, Operations, Internal Audit, Marketing, Distribution, and Accounts & Finance. All the departments are led by professional Heads of Departments who report directly to the CEO. Currently, all the key positions are filled.


Management Team

Mr. Muzaffar Hayat Piracha leads the management team as the CEO of the Company. He has a Master's Degree in Business Administration and possesses over two decades of multifaceted leadership experience across diverse sectors with exposure to local and European markets. He is supported by a management team of seasoned professionals bringing extensive expertise and experience. Notably, Mr. Adnan Aftab, the CEO of Select Technologies (Pvt.) Ltd., has a Master's degree in Manufacturing Engineering and possesses over three decades of experience in manufacturing. Furthermore, Mr. Nusrat Mahmood, the CFO, is a distinguished Management Accountant and Chemical Engineer with over two decades of experience across multiple industries including textiles, fertilizers, and telecommunications.


Effectiveness

There exists a multi-layered hierarchy within each functional department. The roles and responsibilities of each cadre are properly defined and documented which strengthens the effectiveness of the management. Furthermore, six management committees have been established namely, i) Credit Committee, ii) Risk Management Committee, iii) Sale Control Committee, iv) Cash Management Committee, v) Operational Control Committee, and vi) Business Plan Committee, which help in improving overall operational efficacy by enabling focused decision making and bridging inter-departmental gaps.


MIS

The Company has implemented SAP as its core ERP platform, which has materially enhanced the robustness of its information and reporting systems. The integration of key operational, financial, and compliance functions within a single digital architecture supports more accurate data capture, timely reporting, and improved visibility across business units.


Control Environment

An internal audit department is in place which reports directly to the Board’s audit committee. MIS reports for senior management are generated frequently and are detailed in nature. Many reports, including the following, are generated for each business unit: i) region-wise business partner report including adjustments, ii) daily stock report for all warehouses, and iii) product-wise report of region & corporate limits.


Business Risk
Industry Dynamics

Pakistan’s cellular market has experienced rapid growth, with tele-density rising from ~6% in FY04 to ~80% in FY24. During FY24, currency devaluation against the USD and increased import duties had escalated mobile phone costs, impacting demand for high-end devices. During FY25, Pakistan’s mobile phone market exhibited mixed performance amid macroeconomic headwinds and a gradual recovery in consumer demand. Elevated inflation, high interest rates, and PKR depreciation constrained purchasing power, particularly in the mid-to-premium segment, driving a shift toward locally assembled, affordable models. On the supply side, improved foreign exchange availability and eased import restrictions supported a modest rebound in local manufacturing, aided by government-led localization initiatives. Due to which, local mobile phone production stood at around 22.78 million units in 9MCY25 (CY24: 31.38 million units; CY23: 21.28 million units), comprising roughly equal volumes of 2G devices (~11 million units) and smartphones (~12 million units), as reported by the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA). Meanwhile, mobile imports declined to about 1.5 million units in 9MCY25 (CY24: 1.71 million units), indicating an ongoing shift toward localized assembly and manufacturing. Airlink is among the top 10 mobile phone distributors in the country. The Company is working with the world’s top brands of mobile phones. Furthermore, the Company is the sole manufacturer of Xiaomi smartphones in the country and also manufactures Tecno smartphones, signifying the prominent position of the Company within the mobile phone manufacturing and distribution industry.


Relative Position

As one of Pakistan’s largest mobile phone distributors, Airlink has fortified its market position through partnerships with globally recognized brands. In 2022, the Company began assembling and distributing Xiaomi phones and recently signed an agreement with Acer Inc. to produce Acer laptops and tablets. This year, Airlink started its assembling of IMIKI Smartwatches and Xiaomi smart TVs, further enhancing its growth prospects. The macroeconomic environment has shown signs of improvement since the second half of FY25, contributing to a recovery in demand and supporting higher sales volumes. Concurrently, Airlink is progressing with the development of a new manufacturing facility within the Sundar Green Special Economic Zone (SGSEZ), which is expected to enhance production capacity, expand operational scale, and provide notable tax advantages. As a result of these expansionary initiatives and rising business activity, the Company is experiencing elevated working capital requirements.


Revenues

During FY25, Airlink’s consolidated revenue recorded at ~PKR 104.379bln (FY24: PKR 129.742bln), reflecting a decline primarily driven by the imposition of higher taxes, elevated device prices, and reduced mobile phone assembly volumes amid subdued market demand. The slowdown in consumer purchasing power, coupled with a shift toward lower-priced models, further constrained topline growth. In 1QFY26, sales modestly declined by ~6.5% year-over-year, primarily due to the timing of new model launches in September, with the related revenue expected to materialize in the following quarter. Industry-wide demand has also softened, as reflected in PTA statistics for 9MCY25, which indicate a slight reduction in overall production levels.


Margins

The Company’s profitability improved notably in FY25, supported by effective cost management and operational efficiencies. Gross profit margin increased to ~10.6% (FY24: ~7.5%), while operating margin strengthened to ~9.1% (FY24: ~6.5%). Consequently, the net profit margin also rose to ~4.5% (FY24: ~3.6%). The positive trajectory continued in 1QFY26, with gross, operating, and net margins recorded at ~13.9%, ~12.3%, and ~5.7%, respectively, reflecting sustained cost discipline and improved production efficiency despite a softer revenue base.


Sustainability

Airlink is among the largest distributors of mobile phone and related devices in the country. Over the years, the Company has steadily strengthened its business profile by cultivating partnerships with globally renowned brands to ensure growth and sustainability. In 2022, Airlink joined hands with Xiaomi Pakistan to assemble and distribute its mobile phones. Recently, the Company has finalized an agreement with Acer Inc. for the production of Acer laptops and tablets. Additionally, Airlink is expanding its product portfolio through the assembly of Xiaomi Smart TVs, further diversifying revenue streams. The Company is also establishing a new facility at Sundar Greens to tap into export opportunities, which is expected to enhance its manufacturing footprint and strengthen its market position in the years ahead.


Financial Risk
Working capital

Airlink’s working capital requirements are largely driven by inventory needs across its assembly and distribution operations. During FY25, the Company’s average gross working capital days increased to ~67 days (FY24: ~30 days), while net working capital days rose to ~46 days (FY24: ~18 days). The increase primarily reflected inventory buildup to meet demand from Xiaomi Pakistan (Private) Limited. In 1QFY26, working capital intensity further increased, with gross and net working capital days extending to 92 and 73 days, respectively, owing to stock accumulation in anticipation of new model launches.


Coverages

Free cash flow from operations (FCFO) improved to ~PKR 8,839mln in FY25 from PKR 8,578mln in FY24, supported by improved profitability. However, the interest coverage ratio moderated to 2.7x (FY24: 3.3x) due to higher finance costs amid an elevated interest rate environment. The Company’s debt repayment capacity remained sound, as reflected by a debt payback ratio of 0.5x in both FY25 and FY24. In 1QFY26, FCFO stood at ~PKR 3,526mln, while interest coverage improved to 3.9x, indicating strengthened cash flow generation and improved capacity to service financial obligations.


Capitalization

During FY25, Airlink’s total debt increased to ~PKR 32.2bln (FY24: ~PKR 16.4bln; FY23: ~PKR 8.3bln), reflecting higher short-term borrowings to support expanding working capital requirements. Consequently, the Company’s leverage ratio rose to ~65.1% as of June 2025 (FY24: ~52.1%; FY23: ~40.4%), indicating a continued reliance on debt financing. The debt mix remains predominantly short-term in nature, accounting for nearly 91.8% of total borrowings. In 1QFY26, total debt slightly declined to ~PKR 27.8bln, with the leverage ratio easing to ~62.3% by September 2025, supported by partial debt repayments and improved internal cash generation.


 
 

Nov-25

www.pacra.com


Sep-25
3M
Jun-25
12M
Jun-24
12M
Jun-23
12M
Management Audited Audited Audited
A. BALANCE SHEET
1. Non-Current Assets 11,631 11,524 8,571 6,186
2. Investments 5,658 4,844 4,202 3,484
3. Related Party Exposure 0 0 0 0
4. Current Assets 39,626 47,549 27,745 18,964
a. Inventories 15,245 18,925 8,109 7,175
b. Trade Receivables 7,306 7,537 3,527 2,714
5. Total Assets 56,916 63,917 40,518 28,635
6. Current Liabilities 11,342 13,568 8,572 7,796
a. Trade Payables 2,014 7,763 3,899 4,715
7. Borrowings 27,821 32,200 16,419 8,302
8. Related Party Exposure 0 0 0 0
9. Non-Current Liabilities 903 905 459 312
10. Net Assets 16,851 17,244 15,069 12,225
11. Shareholders' Equity 16,851 17,244 15,069 12,225
B. INCOME STATEMENT
1. Sales 24,402 104,379 129,742 36,934
a. Cost of Good Sold (21,015) (93,365) (120,076) (33,399)
2. Gross Profit 3,387 11,015 9,667 3,535
a. Operating Expenses (379) (1,470) (1,173) (1,105)
3. Operating Profit 3,008 9,544 8,493 2,430
a. Non Operating Income or (Expense) (8) 606 83 266
4. Profit or (Loss) before Interest and Tax 3,000 10,151 8,577 2,696
a. Total Finance Cost (968) (3,944) (2,974) (1,828)
b. Taxation (647) (1,458) (977) 93
6. Net Income Or (Loss) 1,385 4,748 4,625 961
C. CASH FLOW STATEMENT
a. Free Cash Flows from Operations (FCFO) 3,526 8,839 8,578 2,874
b. Net Cash from Operating Activities before Working Capital Changes 2,509 5,481 6,217 1,055
c. Changes in Working Capital 489 (14,219) (9,041) 1,630
1. Net Cash provided by Operating Activities 2,997 (8,738) (2,824) 2,686
2. Net Cash (Used in) or Available From Investing Activities (397) (2,648) (2,711) (2,793)
3. Net Cash (Used in) or Available From Financing Activities (5,252) 13,250 6,803 26
4. Net Cash generated or (Used) during the period (2,651) 1,865 1,267 (81)
D. RATIO ANALYSIS
1. Performance
a. Sales Growth (for the period) -6.5% -19.5% 251.3% -24.9%
b. Gross Profit Margin 13.9% 10.6% 7.5% 9.6%
c. Net Profit Margin 5.7% 4.5% 3.6% 2.6%
d. Cash Conversion Efficiency (FCFO adjusted for Working Capital/Sales) 16.5% -5.2% -0.4% 12.2%
e. Return on Equity [ Net Profit Margin * Asset Turnover * (Total Assets/Shareholders' Equity )] 32.5% 29.4% 33.9% 8.0%
2. Working Capital Management
a. Gross Working Capital (Average Days) 92 67 30 94
b. Net Working Capital (Average Days) 73 46 18 70
c. Current Ratio (Current Assets / Current Liabilities) 3.5 3.5 3.2 2.4
3. Coverages
a. EBITDA / Finance Cost 3.9 2.7 3.3 2.1
b. FCFO / Finance Cost+CMLTB+Excess STB 3.2 1.9 2.4 1.3
c. Debt Payback (Total Borrowings+Excess STB) / (FCFO-Finance Cost) 0.2 0.5 0.5 2.1
4. Capital Structure
a. Total Borrowings / (Total Borrowings+Shareholders' Equity) 62.3% 65.1% 52.1% 40.4%
b. Interest or Markup Payable (Days) 82.6 71.2 70.1 48.8
c. Entity Average Borrowing Rate 13.5% 15.0% 21.3% 18.1%

Nov-25

www.pacra.com

Nov-25

www.pacra.com

  1. Rating Team Statements
    1. Rating is just an opinion about the creditworthiness of the entity and does not constitute a recommendation to buy, hold, or sell any security of the entity rated or to buy, hold, or sell the security rated, as the case may be. (Chapter III; 14-3-(x))
    2. Conflict of Interest
      1. The Rating Team or any of their family members have no interest in this rating (Chapter III; 12-2-(j))
      2. PACRA, the analysts involved in the rating process, and members of its rating committee and their family members do not have any conflict of interest relating to the rating done by them (Chapter III; 12-2-(e) & (k))
      3. The analyst is not a substantial shareholder of the customer being rated by PACRA [Annexure F; d-(ii)]
      4. Explanation: for the purpose of the above clause, the term "family members" shall include only those family members who are dependent on the analyst and members of the rating committee.
  2. Restrictions
    1. No director, officer, or employee of PACRA communicates the information acquired by him for use for rating purposes to any other person, except where required under law to do so. (Chapter III; 10-(5))
    2. PACRA does not disclose or discuss with outside parties or make improper use of the non-public information which has come to its knowledge during a business relationship with the customer. (Chapter III; 10-7-(d))
    3. PACRA does not make proposals or recommendations regarding the activities of rated entities that could impact a credit rating of the entity subject to rating. (Chapter III; 10-7-(k))
  3. Conduct of Business
    1. PACRA fulfills its obligations in a fair, efficient, transparent, and ethical manner and renders high standards of services in performing its functions and obligations. (Chapter III; 11-A-(a))
    2. PACRA uses due care in the preparation of this Rating Report. Our information has been obtained from sources we consider to be reliable, but its accuracy or completeness is not guaranteed. PACRA does not, in every instance, independently verify or validate information received in the rating process or in preparing this Rating Report. (Clause 11-(A)(p))
    3. PACRA prohibits its employees and analysts from soliciting money, gifts, or favors from anyone with whom PACRA conducts business. (Chapter III; 11-A-(q))
    4. PACRA ensures before the commencement of the rating process that an analyst or employee has not had a recent employment or other significant business or personal relationship with the rated entity that may cause or may be perceived as causing a conflict of interest. (Chapter III; 11-A-(r))
    5. PACRA maintains the principle of integrity in seeking rating business. (Chapter III; 11-A-(u))
    6. PACRA promptly investigates in the event of misconduct or a breach of the policies, procedures, and controls, and takes appropriate steps to rectify any weaknesses to prevent any recurrence, along with suitable punitive action against the responsible employee(s). (Chapter III; 11-B-(m))
  4. Independence & Conflict of Interest
    1. PACRA receives compensation from the entity being rated or any third party for the rating services it offers. The receipt of this compensation has no influence on PACRA’s opinions or other analytical processes. In all instances, PACRA is committed to preserving the objectivity, integrity, and independence of its ratings. Our relationship is governed by two distinct mandates: i) rating mandate - signed with the entity being rated or issuer of the debt instrument, and ii) fee mandate - signed with the payer, which can be different from the entity.
    2. PACRA does not provide consultancy/advisory services or other services to any of its customers or their associated companies and associated undertakings that are being rated or have been rated by it during the preceding three years, unless it has an adequate mechanism in place ensuring that the provision of such services does not lead to a conflict of interest situation with its rating activities. (Chapter III; 12-2-(d))
    3. PACRA discloses that no shareholder directly or indirectly holding 10% or more of the share capital of PACRA also holds directly or indirectly 10% or more of the share capital of the entity which is subject to rating or the entity which issued the instrument subject to rating by PACRA. (Chapter III; 12-2-(f))
    4. PACRA ensures that the rating assigned to an entity or instrument is not affected by the existence of a business relationship between PACRA and the entity or any other party, or the non-existence of such a relationship. (Chapter III; 12-2-(i))
    5. PACRA ensures that the analysts or any of their family members shall not buy, sell, or engage in any transaction in any security which falls in the analyst’s area of primary analytical responsibility. This clause, however, does not apply to investments in securities through collective investment schemes. (Chapter III; 12-2-(l))
    6. PACRA has established policies and procedures governing investments and trading in securities by its employees and for monitoring the same to prevent insider trading, market manipulation, or any other market abuse. (Chapter III; 11-B-(g))
  5. Monitoring and Review
    1. PACRA monitors all the outstanding ratings continuously, and any potential change therein due to any event associated with the issuer, the security arrangement, the industry, etc., is disseminated to the market immediately and in an effective manner after appropriate consultation with the entity/issuer. (Chapter III; 17-(a))
    2. PACRA reviews all the outstanding ratings periodically on an annual basis. Provided that public dissemination of annual review and in an instance of change in rating will be made. (Chapter III; 17-(b))
    3. PACRA initiates an immediate review of the outstanding rating upon becoming aware of any information that may reasonably be expected to result in downgrading of the rating. (Chapter III; 17-(c))
    4. PACRA engages with the issuer and the debt securities trustee to remain updated on all information pertaining to the rating of the entity/instrument. (Chapter III; 17-(d))
  6. Probability of Default
    1. PACRA’s Rating Scale reflects the expectation of credit risk. The highest rating has the lowest relative likelihood of default (i.e., probability). PACRA’s transition studies capture the historical performance behavior of a specific rating notch. Transition behavior of the assigned rating can be obtained from PACRA’s Transition Study available at our website. (www.pacra.com) However, the actual transition of rating may not follow the pattern observed in the past. (Chapter III; 14-3(f)(vii))
  7. Proprietary Information
    1. All information contained herein is considered proprietary by PACRA. Hence, none of the information in this document can be copied or otherwise reproduced, stored, or disseminated in whole or in part in any form or by any means whatsoever by any person without PACRA’s prior written consent.

Nov-25

www.pacra.com